برصغیر میں تعلیمی تحریکات کا تاریخی جائزہ

A Historical Overview of Educational Movements in the Indian Subcontinent

Abstract

_{The educational movements in the Indian subcontinent played a transformative role in reshaping the intellectual, cultural, and political landscape from the 18th to the 20th centuries. These movements emerged as a response to colonial domination, cultural decline, and the urgent need for socio-political reform. Muslim and Hindu reformers such as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and others initiated educational campaigns that emphasized modern scientific learning, moral values, and cultural preservation. Institutions like Aligarh, Deoband, and Banaras Hindu University became symbols of ideological contrast and national awakening. This paper critically analyzes these movements, their philosophical foundations, institutional impacts, and their lasting legacy in shaping modern South Asian education.}